Saturday, January 1, 2011

Respiratory diseases

Respiratory function as gas exchange between the internal environment (body) and externally. Lungs, providing organs and tissues of oxygen, both derive from them the exhaust gases as carbon dioxide and other unwanted impurities. Change of inhalation and exhalation is regulated by respiratory center located in the medulla oblongata. When a person performs relative rest 16 breaths per minute. 


If in the space surrounding a person, there is little oxygen, the respiration rate increases reflexively. This is due to reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood and improve the content of carbon dioxide in it, which leads to more severe irritation of the respiratory center. The largest volume of air that a person can exhale after taking a deep breath, averaged 3,500 cm3. -

Respiratory system starts with the nose where air passes the first treatment. Through the nasopharynx air enters the larynx, then - in the trachea, and then sequentially in large, medium and small bronchi. Recent ends pulmonary alveoli, where gas exchange and implemented: the oxygen enters the blood and spreads throughout the body, and from the blood into the alveoli becomes carbon dioxide, which, after going through the respiratory tract, leaving the body.

Lungs - Body Doubles. The left lung has two lobes, right - of the three. Lungs are covered with pleura, consisting of two sheets - internal and external. Internal adjacent to lung tissue, and external - to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. In this light like a sack slide, carrying the respiratory movements. This process is painless. If as a result of a pathology (eg inflammation of the pleura - pleurisy) appears commissure between two sheets of pleura in any area, the breath becomes very painful, as the pleura abundantly supplied with sensitive nerve fibers.

Respiratory diseases (including nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi), there are more than a dozen. Some of them require the provision of the first, immediate, and sometimes an emergency, especially in severe trauma, respiratory system. Consider the most important of these diseases.

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